Skip to main content
Vially Logo

WCAG 2.1 Criteria Documentation

2.2.2: Pause, Stop, Hide – (Level A)

High-Level Description

This success criterion ensures that users can pause, stop, or hide any moving, blinking, or auto-updating content. This helps prevent interruptions or distractions to users and allows them to focus and easily understand content they are interacting with.

Detailed Description

What this means:

  • Automatically moving or updating content can be paused, stopped or hidden or does not play for longer than 5 seconds, such as stock tickers or animations.
  • Content such as carousels need controls such as pause, previous and next, which are clearly labelled, to allow the user to pause and let them manually control the carousel.
  • Blinking or flashing content does not play for longer than 5 seconds, such as advertisements or pop-ups.

Applies to:

  • Automatically rotating carousels, and sliders
  • Auto-refreshing content, pop-ups and notifications
  • Stock tickers
  • Animations

Indicators of Non-Compliance:

  • No mechanisms to stop, pause or hide moving content.
  • Automatically refreshing content that cannot be stopped.
  • Content that blinks or is animated that cannot be paused and plays for longer than 5 seconds.

Real-World Examples

ScenarioNon-CompliantCompliant
Automatically moving Homepage CarouselThe carousel automatically rotates through slides with no method to stop or pause the carousel movement.The carousel has clearly labelled controls to pause the carousel and allow the user to manually move through the carousel.
A pop-up advertisementThe advertisement appears that shows blinking content that lasts for more than 5 seconds.The advertisement has a mechanism to stop blinking within 5 seconds.
An animation playing in the background on a webpageThe animation plays as the user navigates through information on a page, distracting the user from the information.The animation has a clearly labelled pause button to freeze the animation.

Disability Impact

Disability GroupWith moving contentWithout moving content
Partially BlindContent is difficult to follow and users can lose track of the content they are trying to interact withUsers can easily follow information and content at their own pace
Cognitive DisabilitiesCan distract the user from the task they are looking to completeUsers can focus their attention on the task they want to complete
Blind UsersScreen readers struggle to read and focus on automatically updating/changing contentUsers can use clearly labelled controls to make navigation of content easier to read

Supporting Documentation

Remediation Strategies

    Add buttons for pausing or stopping content where necessary.

    Ensure content does not start automatically and waits for user interaction.

    Use aria-live attributes for content that needs to be announced to the user so that they are aware of elements that may appear on their screen.